Forty patients with histologically proven gynecomastia were analyzed. We reviewed the clinical properties and histopathologic types of the gynecomastia, and suggest a reasonable approach to this clinical problems posed by the patient with breast enlargement.
The result we found includes:
1) The peak incidence of 50 % occurred in the teen-age group.
2) Bilateral gynecomastia was found in 11 patients. In 29 patients with unilateral gyneco
mastia the right breast was involved more often than the left, 19 vs. 10, respectively.
3) All palpable masses were located at the central breast tissue including the subareolar region.
4) In 56% of the patients, the size of the mass was more than 5cm in diameter.
5) Associated pathologic conditions were found in 9 patients. They were Klinefelter´s syndrome, pulmonary tuberculosis, hepatitis, true hermaphroditism, liver cirrhosis and hypertension.
6) Histopathologically, 50% were florid type, 37.5% were fibrous type, 12.5% were intermeing in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 48: 338, 1979
8. Ley SB, Mozzafarian GA, Leonard JM, Highley M, Paulsen CA : Palpable breast tissue versus gynecomastia as a normal physical finding. Clin Res 28: 24A. abstract, 1980
9. Pirke KM, Doerr P : Age related changes and interrelationships between plasma testosterone, oestradiol and testosterone-binding globulin in normal adult males. Acta Endocrinol (Kbh) 74 : 792, 1973
10. Pirke KM, Doerr P : Age related changes in free plasma testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol. Acta Endocrinol(Kbh) 80: 171, 1975
11. Kley HK, Nieschlag E, Bindlingmaier F, Kruskemper HL : Possible age-dependent influence of estrogens on the binding of testosterone in plasma of adult men. Horm Metab Res 6 : 213, 1974
Forty patients with histologically proven gynecomastia were analyzed. We reviewed the clinical properties and histopathologic types of the gynecomastia, and suggest a reasonable approach to this clinical problems posed by the patient with breast enlargement.
The result we found includes:
1) The peak incidence of 50 % occurred in the teen-age group.
2) Bilateral gynecomastia was found in 11 patients. In 29 patients with unilateral gyneco
mastia the right breast was involved more often than the left, 19 vs. 10, respectively.
3) All palpable masses were located at the central breast tissue including the subareolar region.
4) In 56% of the patients, the size of the mass was more than 5cm in diameter.
5) Associated pathologic conditions were found in 9 patients. They were Klinefelter´s syndrome, pulmonary tuberculosis, hepatitis, true hermaphroditism, liver cirrhosis and hypertension.
6) Histopathologically, 50% were florid type, 37.5% were fibrous type, 12.5% were intermeing in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 48: 338, 1979
8. Ley SB, Mozzafarian GA, Leonard JM, Highley M, Paulsen CA : Palpable breast tissue versus gynecomastia as a normal physical finding. Clin Res 28: 24A. abstract, 1980
9. Pirke KM, Doerr P : Age related changes and interrelationships between plasma testosterone, oestradiol and testosterone-binding globulin in normal adult males. Acta Endocrinol (Kbh) 74 : 792, 1973
10. Pirke KM, Doerr P : Age related changes in free plasma testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol. Acta Endocrinol(Kbh) 80: 171, 1975
11. Kley HK, Nieschlag E, Bindlingmaier F, Kruskemper HL : Possible age-dependent influence of estrogens on the binding of testosterone in plasma of adult men. Horm Metab Res 6 : 213, 1974
12. Rubens R, Dhont M, Vermeulen A : Further
studies on Leydig cell function in old age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 39. 40, 1974
13. Wheeler CE, Cawley EP, Gray HT : Gyneco
mastia, A review and an analysis of 160 cases. Ann Intern Med 40: 985, 1954
14. Garbrilobe JL : Testicular function in Klinefelter´s syndrome. J Urol 124:825, 1980
15. Barr MI : The natural history of Klinefelter´s
syndrome. Fertil and Steril 17: 429, 1966
16. Nelson WD : The Klinefelter´s syndrome. Fertil and Steril 8 : 527, 1957
17. Ronald R : Gynecomastia. In : Essentials of plastic, Maxillofacial, and Reconstructive surgery. Williams & Wilkins Co. 1986, p. 740
18. Haagensen CD : The male breast. In : Disease of the Brea st. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1971, p. 76
19. Haagensen CD : Carcinoma of the male breast. In : Diseases of the Breast. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1971, p. 779
20. Bannayan GA, Hajdu SI : Gynecomastia : Clinicopathologic study of 351 Cases. Am J Clin Pathol57: 431, 1972
21. Hamer DB : Gynecomastia. Br J surg 62: 326, 1975
22. Von Kessel F, Pickrell KL, Huger WE : Surgical treatment of gynecomastia : An analysis of 275 cases. Ann Surg 157: 142, 1963
23. Carlson HE : Current concepts gynecomastia. N Engl J Med 303: 795, 1980
24. Scheike 0, Visfeldt J, Peterson B : Male
breast cancer. 3 Breast carcinoma in association with the Klinefelter syndrome. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand[A]. 81 : 352, 1973
25. Jackson AW : Carcinoma of male breast in association with the Klinefelter´s syndrome, Brit Med J 1 : 223, 1965
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